Impairment, Disability& Handicap meaning& difference.


 The World Health Organization's International Classification of Impairments, Disability and Handicap(ICIDH 1980) defines these terms as follows:

Impairment:

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function, for example the loss of a finger, loss of conduction of impulses in the heart, or loss of certain chemicals in the brain leading to Parkinsonism. Not all impairment lead to disability; for example the loss of the pinna of the ear, an impairment, would not lead to loss of hearing but merely a cosmetic deficiency. 

Disability:

 Any restriction or loss of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being resulting from impairment, example : difficulty in walking after lower limb amputation. It must be noted here that strenuous or rarely indulged in feats like rock climbing or wind surfing are not included in activities to be considered for disability. To be considered disabled a person should not be able to perform day by day activities considered normal for his age, sex or physique. 

Handicap:

 A disadvantage for a given individual in his or her social context resulting from impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for him or her. This depends on the age, sex, social and cultural factors for that individual. Many socioeconomic factors like family background, skills achieved and financial stability come into play while determining handicap. Various governments all over the world have recognized the social impact of handicap and are more inclusive in their approach

Impairment is a manifestation of a problem at the tissue or organ level, disability, at the level of the individual, while handicap in the translation of the problem at the social level. 

Thank you

Physioguide by divyaA

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