Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures In Cardiology

Angiocardiography (ACG):-

Visualization of the heart chambers, Coronary vessels and/ or great vessels through the use of radiography. Cardia catheterization is performed and a di opaque  contrast material is Injected so that the area of interest may be viewed

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis:-

 A measurement of the acidity and the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Also referred to as blood gases test. 

Arteriography:-

Visualization of the arteries through the use of radiography. A radiopaque contrast material is injected into one or more arteries so that they can be viewed.

Cardiac catheterization (CC):-

The insertion of a catheter through a vein or artery into a chamber of the heart. This procedure is frequently Performed in preparation for angiography. Pressures within the major vessels and heart chambers can also be measured.

Cardiac MRI:-

The creation of magnetic resonance images of the heart and the great vessels. An MRI may allow for better visualization of soft tissue than radiography, thus enabling evaluation of the mediastinum, great vessels, myocardial wall thicknesses and intraluminal masses.

Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET):-

 The creation of computer-generated, cross-sectional three dimensional images of the heart, used to evaluate its functioning and analyze blood flow. A radioactive substance is injected into the patient and the rays emitted by the substance are absorbed by detectors in a scanner.

Chest radiography(X-ray) :-

Frontal and lateral x-ray views allowing evaluation of such features as Heart size and shape, chamber sizes and configuration of the great vessels.

Creatine kinase myoglobin (CKMB)

The testing of a blood specimen for an enzyme that, when elevated may indicate cardiac damage due to ischemia.

Echocardiography:-

The use of ultrasound to obtain images of heart muscle, valves, masses and large blood vessels. Types of echocardiography include: M-mode, 2-dimensional, spectral Doppler, color Doppler, contrast and stress.

Electrocardiography(ECG):-

A method of recording electrical currents flowing through the heart muscles. 

Holter monitoring:-

A compact version of an electrocardiograph is strapped to the patient so that the electrical activity of the heart can be observed over an extended period, such as 24 hours. 

Lipoprotein testing:-

A battery of blood tests that evaluate types and levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Also called a lipid profile.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA):-

The use of magnetic resonance techniques in obtaining an image of blood vessels to enhance the visualization of the flowing blood and suppress the visualization of other tissues. This technique also aids the evaluation of the anatomy, contractility and valvular function of the heart.

Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI) :-

Noninvasive visualization of the heart muscle through the use of radionuclide imaging. A radiopaque contrast material is injected into the heart to make it visible.

Phlebography:-

Recording of the venous pulse is an extremity such as a leg through the use of radiography. A radiopaque contrast material is injected into the veins to make them visible.

Stress testing:-

Performance of an ECG during physical stress to determine the heart's reaction to an increased demand for oxygen. The test is continued until a target heart rate is reached or there are complications such as chest pain. Techniques include exercise, treadmill.

Ventriculography:-

Visualization by radiography of cardiac ventricles following injection of a radionuclide or contrast medium through an intracardiac catheter.

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