Knee muscles- knee flexors, knee extensors, medial rotators, lateral rotators.

 Biceps femoris

Origin:- long head - ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament; Short head - lower half of lateral lip of linear aspera, lateral supracondylar line of femur, lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion:- head of fibula, lateral tibial condyle
Nerve:- Sciatic nerve (L5-S2). Long head - tibial division; short head - common peroneal division. 
Action:-flexes knee and extends hip, laterally rotates tibia on femur. 

Gracilis

Origin:- Lower half of body and inferior ramus of pubis, adjacent ischial ramus
Insertion:- upper part of medial surface of tibia
Nerve:- Obturator nerve (L2, L3) 
Action:- Flexes knee, adducts hip, medially rotates tibia on femur. 

Plantaris

Origin:- Lateral supracondylar ridge, oblique popliteal ligament
Insertion:- tendo calcaneus
Nerve:- tibial nerve ( S1, S2) 
Action:- plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee. 

Popliteus

Origin:- Outer surface of lateral femoral condyle
Insertion:- Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line
Nerve:- tibial nerve (L4-S1) 
Action:- Medially rotates tibia, flexes knee. 

Gastrocnemius

Origin:- Medial head - posterior part of medial femoral condyle; lateral head - lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Insertion:- posterior surface of calcaneus
Nerve:- tibial nerve (S1, S2) 
Action:- plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee. 

Sartorius

Origin:- anterior superior iliac spine and area just below
Insertion:- upper part of medial side of tibia. 
Nerve:- femoral nerve (L2, L3) 
Action:- Flexes hip and knee, laterally rotates and abducts hip, medially rotates tibia on femur

Semitendinosus

Origin:- ischial tuberosity
Insertion:- upper part of medial surface of tibia
Nerve:- tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5 -S2) 
Action:- Flexes knee, extends hip and medially rotates tibia on femur

Semimembranosus

Origin:- ischial tuberosity
Insertion:- posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
Nerve:- tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5- S2) 
Action:- flexes knee, extends hip and medially rotates tibia on femur

Tensor fascia latae

Origin:- outer lip of iliac crest between iliac tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion:- iliotibial tract 
Nerve:- superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) 
Action:- extends knee, abducts and medially rotates hip. 

Rectus femoris

Action:- extends knee, flexes hip
Origin:- straight head - anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head - area above Acetabulum, capsule of hip joint
Insertion:- base of patella, then forms part of patellar ligament
Nerve:- femoral nerve (L2-L4) 

Vastus medialis 

Origin:- inter trochanteric line, spiral line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, medial intermuscular septum, tendons of adductor longus and adductor Magnus
Insertion:- tendon of rectus femoris, medial border of patella, medial tibial condyle
Nerve:- femoral nerve (L2- L4) 
Action:-extends knee

Vastus intermedius

Origin:- upper two- thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur, lower part of lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion:- deep surface of quadriceps tendon, lateral border of patella, lateral tibial condyle
Nerve:- femoral nerve (L2-L4) 
Action:- extends knee

Vastus lateralis 

Origin:- inter trochanteric line, greater trochanteric, gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion:- tendon of rectus femoris, lateral border of patella
Nerve:- femoral nerve (L2-l4) 
Action:- extends knee



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