Surgical Therapeutic procedures used in Cardiology


Aneurysmectomy

Excision of an aneurysm clamps are placed around aneurysm. The aneurysm is opened with a scalpel A large Gore - Tex tube is placed into the aorta to re - inforce the wall of artery. 

Angioplasty:-

 Restoration of the integrity of a blood vessel using a stent, mechanical stripping of the vessel wall, balloon dilation within the compromised area of the vessel, and/or injection of fibrinolytic drugs such as tissue plasminogen activators (tPA) or thrombolytic enzymes.

Atherectomy:-

Removal of an atheroma (lipid deposit) from an artery. Can be accomplished by surgery or by catheterization.

Endarterectomy:-

Excision of atheromas in which the innermost layer of the artery is removed. Sometimes a tubular graft or patch is inserted to restore the integrity of the artery.

Atriotomy:-

Formation of an opening into an atrium.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):-

The use of artificial respiration and techniques such as closed chest compressions in an attempt to restore normal breathing and heart functioning.

Cardioversion:-

Restoration of normal heart rhythm by using very brief electrical shocks. Also referred to as defibrillation.

Cutdown:-

Incision or dissection of a vein to insert a cannula, needle, or catheter. Used when percutaneous catheter insertion cannot be accomplished. Also called venous cutdown or venostomy.

Surgical resection of an artery:-

Excision of a diseased portion of an artery.

Embolectomy:-

Excision of an embolus (a detached thrombus obstructing a blood vessel).

Femoropopliteal bypass surgery

Grafting a shunt that detours around an obstruction in the femoral artery. The shunt may be made from autologous or heterologous. 

Greater saphenous vein ligation and stripping:-

Excision of the greater saphenous vein and its tributaries currently performed on patients with severe varicose veins secondary to venous

Heart transplantation:-

Replacement of the heart with the healthy heart of a donor. The heart typically comes from a brain-dead donor who is on life support.

Median sternotomy:-

Incision of the anterior chest through the midline of the sternum. 

Pacemaker implantation:-

 Implantation of an electronic device that electrically stimulates the heart to keep it beating properly. 

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Reconstruction of a coronary artery by inserting a balloon- tipped catheter into the artery at the site of the obstruction and inflating it, rupturing the obstruction and there by dilating the artery. Also called coronary angioplasty, coronary artery angioplasty and balloon angioplasty.

Portosystemic shunt:-

Diversion of portal venous blood into the inferior vena cava to relieve portal hypertension.

Stent implantation:-

Implantation of a stent (a metallic mesh like tube) into a blood vessel at the site of an obstruction. The stent is intended to remain permanently to keep the vessel open.

Thrombectomy:-

Excision of a thrombus (an attached blood clot in a vessel or heart wall).

Valve replacement surgery

Excision and replacement of a defective heart valve either with an artificial valve or a valve from an animal donor, typically a porcine (pig) valve. 

Valvotomy:-

Incision of a stenotic cardiac valve. Also called valvotomy. 

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