PhysioguidebydivyaA

Pathological Endocrine Diseases Affect The Thyroid And The Adrenal Glands  Addison's disease:-  It is hypo functioning of the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoids are produced in deficient amounts. Hypoglycemia, excretions of large amounts of water and salt, weakness, and weight loss are symptoms of this condition. Cushing's disease It involves hyperfunctioning of the adrenal cortex with increased glucocorticoid secretions. Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex results from excessive stimulation of the gland by ACTH. Obesity, moon like fullness of the face, excessive deposition of fat on the back called "buffalo hump," and high blood pressure are produced by excessive secretions of the adrenal steroid. Homeostasis self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions. Hyperkalemia :- Excessive calcium in blood above normal Hyponatremia Deficient amount of sodium in the blood Ketoacidosis A primary com

               B lood Pressure (BP) It is the arterial pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls.  The maximum pressure during ventricular systole is called systolic pressure The systolic pressure is generated by the force of contraction of the heart  the maximum pressure during ventricular diastole is called diastolic pressure.  The diastolic pressure is chiefly due to arteriolar tone (peripheral resistance).  Heart has to pump the blood against the diastolic pressure which is a direct load on the heart.  Normally the blood pressure is roughly 120/80 mm Hg, the systolic pressure ranging from 110-130, and the diastolic pressure from 70-80.  The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called 'pulse pressure'. BP is universally measured by auscultating the brachial artery at the elbow joint

Classification of ligament & muscle sprains   Ligament sprains Grade l/ mild sprain  :- Few ligament fibers torn, stability maintained.  Grade ll/ Moderate sprain :- Partial rupture, increased laxity but no gross instability.  Grade lll/ severe sprain:- Complete rupture, gross instability.  Muscle strains Grade l/mild strain :- Few muscle fibers torn, minimum loss of strength and pain on muscle contraction.  Grade ll/ moderate strain:  Approximately half of muscle fibers torn, significant muscle weakness and loss of function. Moderate to severe pain on isometric contraction.  Grade lll/ severe strain:- Complete tear of the muscle, significant muscle weakness and severe loss of function. Minimum to no pain on isometric contraction.