PhysioguidebydivyaA

  Common causes of low backache:-  Back muscle strain and ligament sprain Prolonged lumbar degenerative disc- due to improper weight lifting.  Obesity Poor posture Facet joint arthritis Unaccustomed activities Occupational causes Facet joint osteoarthritis - due to old age repeated bending twisting activities Spinal stenosis- due to degenerative process

  Axis or 2nd cervical vertebra may get fractured.  If dens of axis gets separated from the body(as in hanging), it hits the vital centres in the medulla oblongata causing instantaneous death Even fracture of laminae may cause death. 

                                Fracture Fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone.  The fracture which is not connected with the skin wound is known as simple(closed) fracture , The fracture line may be a)spiral or b) horizontal or c) oblique The fracture which communicates with the skin wound is known as d) Compound (open) fracture.  A fracture requires "reduction" By which the alignment of the broken ends is restored Healing repair of a fracture takes place in three stages: A) Repair by granulation tissue B) Union by callus C) Consolidation by mature bone. 

  Clinical Anatomy The suffix,  'itis' means inflammation, e.g. arthritis, appendicitis, etc.  The suffix, '- ectomy ', means removal from the body e.g. gastrectomy etc.  The suffix, '- otomy', means to open and close a hallow organ e.g. hysterotomy, cystotomy, etc.  The suffix, '- ostomy', means to open hallow organ and leave it open e.g. tracheostomy, colostomy, etc.  The suffix, '- oma', means a tumour e.g. osteoma, carcinoma, etc.  Puberty: The age at which the secondary sexual characters develop. Being 12-15 years in girls and 13-16 years in boys.  Symptoms are subjective complaints of the patient about his disease.  Signs (physical signs) are objective findings of the doctor on the patient.  Diagnosis : Identification of a disease, or determination of the nature of a disease.  Prognosis : Forecasting the probable course and ultimate outcome of a disease.  Pyrexia : Fever Lesion : Injury, or a circumscribed pathologic chan...

  Pulley Systems:- Free Standing Or wall mounted pulley systems ( with weights or springs) provide either fixed or variable resistance and can be used for upper and lower extremity and trunk strengthening. 

  Problem in ADL in Stroke: Dressing      -      Apraxia Language    -      Receptive aphasia Recognizing objects  - Agnosia Naming objects      -    Nominal aphasia Reading       -      Dyslexia Writing        -      Dysgraphia Calculating  -      Dyscalculia Geometric pattern  - Construction apraxia

  Bone Bone is one-third connective tissue. It is impregnated with calcium salts which constitute the remaining two- thirds part.  The inorganic Calcium salts (mainly calcium phosphate, partly calcium carbonate, and traces of other salts) make it hard and rigid.  The organic connective tissue (collagen fibers) makes it tough and resilient (flexible). 

  Systems of the body :- Respiratory system (Pulmonology)  Articular system (arthrology)  Muscular system Circulatory system (angiology)  Lymphatic system Skeletal system (osteology)  Integumentary system (dermatology)  Digestive system (gastroenterology)  Urinary system (urology)  Reproductive system (andro, gynic)  Endocrine system (endocrinology)  Special senses Nervous system ( neurology) 

  Cerebral Palsy This is a disorder of movement and posture caused by a non- progressive lesion in the immature brain.  Lesions In Cerebral palsy the lesion could be either in the brain or the upper cervical cord.  Causes : In Cerebral palsy the causes are different in prenatal, natal, postnatal and perinatal period Treatment Unfortunately, there is no cure for CP. Hence the aim of treatment is to increase patients assets as much as possible and minimize his or her defects.  Overall the treatment may include one or more of the following: Physical therapy; Occupational therapy; speech therapy; drugs to control seizures, alleviate pain, or relax muscle spasms ; hyperbaric oxygen; the use of Botox to relax contracting muscles; surgery to correct anatomical abnormality or release tight muscles; braces and other orthotic devices; rolling walkers; and communication aids such as computers with attached voice synthesizes.  Order of preference to improve the quality of ...

  Calcaneal spurs   It is a spike of bone at the anterior edge of the calcaneal tuberosity (usually medial) and is called calcaneal enthesiopathy.  Causes :- Repeated attack of plantar fascitis.  Repeated trauma Constant pulls of the Shortened plantar fascia.  I'll fitting footwear Fibromatosis of the plantar fascia.  Treatment :- Conservative method Physiotherapy management Measure to relieve stress on the plantar fascia After prolonged sitting bear weight on the toes instead of the heel.  During walking an appropriate wedge in the heel Alternatively an elongated soft heel-pad.  Walking on outer border of foot with the toes curled up.  Measures to strength the intrinsic muscles of the foot: As soon as the patient gets up in morning he is instructed to immense his foot in warm water and curl his toes and hold it for sometime.  Faradic stimulation of the foot.  Measures to strengthen the leg and calf muscle.  SLR exercise Prone ...

    Final Coding Test    04  03 2024  Name: Divya Azmeera__________________________     Date:      200 Marks   A. Describe the following conditions given below.                                        20X01 = 20 Marks   1.       Palliative care:        Palliative care improves the quality of life of patients and their families who are facing challenges associated with life threatening illness, whether physical, psychological, social or spiritual. The quality of life of caregivers improves as well.  2.       Mechanical complication.         The most commonly encountered mechanical complication...